Olawale S.Texas is a state of extremes—sprawling plains, lush forests, coastal beaches, and towering mountains. But among its four major geographic regions, the Mountains and Basins stands out as the most rugged, remote, and visually dramatic. Located in far West Texas, this region is defined by its towering mountain ranges, vast desert basins, and low population density. It’s home to some of the state’s most breathtaking landscapes, including Big Bend National Park, the Guadalupe Mountains, and the Chihuahuan Desert.
While it may be the least populated region in Texas, the Mountains and Basins area is rich in history, culture, and economic significance. From border cities with vibrant Hispanic heritage to oil-driven towns in the Permian Basin, the region’s cities offer a unique blend of frontier grit and modern growth. In this article, we’ll explore the major cities in the Mountains and Basins region of Texas in 2025, highlighting their demographics, industries, cultural appeal, and why they matter.
Understanding the Mountains and Basins Region
Before diving into the cities, it’s important to understand what makes this region so distinct:
- Geography: Dominated by desert basins and mountain ranges, including the Davis, Chisos, and Guadalupe Mountains.
- Climate: Arid and dry, with hot summers and cool nights. Rainfall is scarce, and water conservation is critical.
- Culture: Strong Hispanic influence due to proximity to Mexico, blended with cowboy, ranching, and artistic traditions.
- Economy: Driven by oil and gas, tourism, border trade, and military installations.
This region includes counties such as El Paso, Brewster, Presidio, Culberson, Jeff Davis, Hudspeth, Pecos, Terrell, and parts of Midland and Ector.
Major Cities in the Mountains and Basins Region (2025)
1. El Paso
County: El Paso County
Population: ~700,000
El Paso is the largest city in the Mountains and Basins region and the sixth-largest in Texas. Located directly on the U.S.–Mexico border, it serves as a major hub for international trade, military operations, and cultural exchange. The city is home to Fort Bliss, one of the largest military installations in the country, and boasts a strong economy driven by defense, logistics, healthcare, and education.
El Paso’s rich Hispanic heritage is reflected in its architecture, cuisine, and festivals. The city’s proximity to Ciudad Juárez creates a binational metro area with deep economic and familial ties. In recent years, El Paso has seen a surge in downtown revitalization, with new residential developments, art spaces, and tech startups emerging.
2. Midland
County: Midland County
Population: ~140,000
Midland is often referred to as the energy capital of West Texas, sitting atop the Permian Basin, one of the most productive oil fields in the world. The city’s economy is heavily tied to oil and gas, with numerous drilling companies, service providers, and energy investors headquartered here.
Despite its industrial roots, Midland has invested in cultural and educational infrastructure, including museums, performing arts centers, and higher education institutions. The city’s growth has been steady, with new housing developments and commercial centers expanding its footprint. Midland offers a high standard of living and remains a magnet for professionals in the energy sector.
3. Odessa
County: Ector County
Population: ~125,000
Just 20 miles southwest of Midland, Odessa forms the other half of the Midland–Odessa metroplex. Like its neighbor, Odessa’s economy is driven by oil and gas, but it also has a strong presence in education, healthcare, and retail. The city is known for its vibrant community spirit, high school football culture, and growing arts scene.
Odessa is home to the University of Texas Permian Basin, which contributes to its youthful population and educational development. The city has embraced diversification, with investments in renewable energy, logistics, and small business growth. Odessa’s affordability and economic resilience make it a key player in the region.
4. Alpine
County: Brewster County
Population: ~6,000
Nestled in the high desert of Brewster County, Alpine is a scenic and cultural gem. It serves as the gateway to Big Bend National Park and is surrounded by stunning mountain vistas. Alpine is home to Sul Ross State University, which adds academic vibrancy to the town.
Alpine’s economy is driven by tourism, education, and local arts. The city hosts annual events like the Texas Cowboy Poetry Gathering and Artwalk, attracting visitors from across the state. Its small-town charm, walkable downtown, and proximity to outdoor adventures make Alpine a favorite among retirees, artists, and nature lovers.
5. Presidio
County: Presidio County
Population: ~4,000
Presidio is a border town located at the confluence of the Rio Grande and Mexico’s state of Chihuahua. It’s one of the most remote cities in Texas, yet it plays a vital role in cross-border trade and agriculture. The Presidio–Ojinaga international bridge facilitates commerce and cultural exchange.
The city has a strong Hispanic identity, with bilingual education, traditional festivals, and a tight-knit community. Presidio’s economy is modest but stable, with growth in solar energy, border logistics, and eco-tourism. Its desert landscapes and proximity to Big Bend Ranch State Park make it a hidden gem for adventurous travelers.
6. Fort Stockton
County: Pecos County
Population: ~8,500
Fort Stockton is a historic town that once served as a frontier military outpost. Today, it’s a regional center for oil production, ranching, and heritage tourism. The city’s iconic Comanche Springs and historic fort draw visitors interested in Texas history and desert ecology.
Fort Stockton’s location along Interstate 10 makes it a strategic stop for travelers and freight transport. The city has invested in infrastructure and housing to support its growing workforce. With a blend of old-west charm and modern amenities, Fort Stockton continues to evolve as a regional anchor.
7. Marfa
County: Presidio County
Population: ~2,000
Marfa is perhaps the most culturally famous small town in Texas. Known for its minimalist art installations, mysterious desert lights, and bohemian vibe, Marfa attracts artists, filmmakers, and tourists from around the world. The town’s transformation began with the arrival of artist Donald Judd, whose legacy lives on through the Chinati Foundation and numerous galleries.
Despite its small size, Marfa has a thriving hospitality industry, with boutique hotels, cafes, and festivals like Marfa Myths. Real estate in Marfa is surprisingly competitive, driven by demand for second homes and creative spaces. It’s a town where art meets desert solitude.
8. Van Horn
County: Culberson County
Population: ~2,000
Van Horn is a quiet desert town located near the Guadalupe Mountains National Park. It serves as a gateway for hikers, climbers, and nature enthusiasts exploring the highest peaks in Texas. The town’s economy revolves around tourism, transport, and local services.
Van Horn gained international attention as the launch site for Blue Origin’s space tourism flights, adding a futuristic twist to its frontier identity. The town is also a popular stop along Interstate 10, offering lodging and amenities for long-haul travelers. Its proximity to natural wonders makes it a strategic base for outdoor exploration.
9. Sanderson
County: Terrell County
Population: ~800
Sanderson is one of the most remote towns in Texas, often called the “Cactus Capital.” It’s a quiet desert community known for its solitude, scenic drives, and rugged beauty. Sanderson is a favorite among motorcyclists, photographers, and those seeking off-the-grid living.
The town’s economy is modest, centered on ranching, local government, and eco-tourism. Its isolation is part of its charm, offering a slower pace and deep connection to the land. Sanderson is also a gateway to the Big Bend region, making it a strategic stop for adventurers.
Why These Cities Matter
Though sparsely populated, the Mountains and Basins region plays a vital role in Texas’s identity and economy:
- El Paso anchors the region with international trade, military strength, and cultural diversity.
- Midland–Odessa powers the state’s energy sector, driving billions in revenue.
- Alpine, Marfa, and Presidio offer unique lifestyle appeal, tourism, and artistic communities.
- Fort Stockton and Van Horn serve as key stops for travelers and outdoor enthusiasts.
- Sanderson and other small towns provide access to untouched desert landscapes and quiet living.
These cities are not just dots on a map—they’re gateways to Texas’s wildest terrain, richest heritage, and boldest frontiers.
What to Watch in 2025
As the Mountains and Basins region continues to evolve, several key trends are shaping its future:
1. Energy Expansion
The Permian Basin remains one of the most productive oil fields in the world. Midland and Odessa are seeing renewed investment in both traditional oil and emerging renewable energy sectors. Expect continued infrastructure growth, job creation, and housing demand in these cities.
2. Border Trade and Security
El Paso and Presidio play critical roles in U.S.–Mexico trade. With upgrades to border facilities and increased security measures, these cities are becoming more efficient and economically vital. El Paso’s logistics and warehousing sectors are booming, while Presidio is exploring solar energy and sustainable development.
3. Tourism and Eco-Conscious Growth
Cities like Alpine, Marfa, and Van Horn are leveraging their proximity to national parks and scenic landscapes to attract eco-tourists, artists, and outdoor enthusiasts. Big Bend and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks are seeing record visitation, prompting investment in hospitality, conservation, and infrastructure.
4. Cultural Preservation
The region’s Hispanic, Indigenous, and frontier heritage is being celebrated through festivals, museums, and educational initiatives. Marfa’s art scene, Alpine’s cowboy poetry, and El Paso’s binational culture are drawing national attention. These cities are balancing growth with cultural integrity.
5. Remote Work and Lifestyle Migration
Post-pandemic shifts have led many professionals to seek quieter, scenic places to live. Alpine, Marfa, and Fort Stockton are seeing an influx of remote workers, retirees, and creatives. This trend is driving demand for housing, internet infrastructure, and local services.
Conclusion: A Frontier of Opportunity
The Mountains and Basins region of Texas may be remote, but it’s anything but forgotten. In 2025, its cities are thriving in their own distinct ways—whether through energy dominance, cultural richness, or natural beauty. From the bustling border city of El Paso to the artistic enclave of Marfa, each town offers a unique slice of Texas life.
For investors, travelers, and new residents, this region presents a frontier of opportunity. It’s where rugged landscapes meet resilient communities, and where the spirit of the West continues to shape the future. Whether you’re chasing oil booms, desert sunsets, or artistic inspiration, the Mountains and Basins region is ready to welcome you—with open skies and open roads.