TOP 10 Historical Places Of Island Crete

The island of Crete, located in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, has a rich and diverse history spanning thousands of years. It has been inhabited since the Neolithic period, and its strategic location has made it a center for various ancient civilizations, including the Minoans, Mycenaeans, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Venetians, and Ottomans. Today, Crete is known not only for its stunning beaches and beautiful landscapes but also for its historical significance and archaeological treasures.

The Minoan civilization was an ancient Bronze Age civilization that existed on the island of Crete in the Aegean Sea. Flourishing from around 2600 BCE to 1400 BCE, the Minoan civilization derived its name from the legendary king Minos, who is said to have ruled Crete from his palace in Knossos.

We have gathered the most popular historical sites that you can easily reach with rental car in Crete.

1. Knossos Palace

The palace was initially built around 1900 BCE but was soon destroyed by an earthquake. It was then reconstructed on a larger scale, and the ruins that exist today mainly belong to the second palace period, from approximately 1700 to 1400 BCE. The palace complex was the center of political, religious, and economic activities during the heyday of the Minoan civilization.

The architecture of the Knossos Palace is characterized by a complex and labyrinthine layout with numerous internal courtyards, staircases, and rooms situated on multiple levels. The palace walls were adorned with colorful frescoes depicting scenes of nature, religious rituals, and everyday life.

This site was first excavated in the early 20th century by the British archaeologist Arthur Evans, who dedicated several decades to the discovery and reconstruction of the palace. However, Evans’ restoration work has faced criticism, as some argue that his interpretations may inaccurately reflect the original appearance of the palace.

Today, the Knossos Palace is a popular tourist attraction and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Visitors can explore the ruins and get a glimpse into the intricate and advanced Minoan civilization. There is a museum on the premises that showcases artifacts unearthed during the excavations, providing a deeper understanding of Minoan culture and history.

2. Heraklion Archaeological Museum

This is one of the most important museums in Greece, housing an extensive collection of artifacts from the Minoan civilization as well as other ancient cultures that thrived on Crete. The museum was founded in 1883 and has undergone significant expansions and reconstructions over the years. Its current building, opened in 2014, provides a modern and spacious setting for showcasing the rich collection. The museum exhibits cover a wide range of periods, from the Neolithic era to the Roman period.

The highlight of the Heraklion Archaeological Museum is its collection of Minoan artifacts. The Minoan civilization of Crete was one of the earliest and most advanced civilizations in Europe, and the museum houses an exceptional collection of artifacts that provide insight into their art, architecture, daily life, and religious rituals.

Visitors to the museum can see exquisite pottery, intricately carved seals and jewelry, vibrant frescoes, and statues depicting Minoan deities and mythical creatures. One of the most famous exhibits is the Phaistos Disk, a unique round clay disk with hieroglyphic inscriptions that are yet to be fully deciphered.

In addition to Minoan artifacts, the museum also features objects from other ancient cultures that inhabited Crete, including the Mycenaean, Geometric, and Archaic periods, as well as artifacts from ancient cities such as Gortyn and Knossos.

3. Koules Fortress

The origins of Kules Fortress can be traced back to the 12th century, a time of political unrest and territorial disputes. It was built by order of a powerful local lord whose name has been lost to history, but whose legacy lives on in this majestic structure.

Kules Fortress was constructed to withstand sieges and repel invading forces. Its architecture seamlessly blended elements of medieval fortifications and military engineering techniques of the time. The construction of Kules Fortress took several years, involving a massive workforce and the use of local materials. As the fortress took shape, a thriving community of craftsmen, soldiers, and their families began to form around it. Kules Fortress became a center of activity, full of life and determination. Within the fortress walls, a small village grew with houses, a marketplace, and even a chapel. The residents found security within the protective embrace of the fortress, drawing strength and solace from its imposing presence.

Throughout the centuries, Kules Fortress faced numerous challenges and changed hands as kingdoms rose and fell. It witnessed countless conflicts, from local skirmishes to full-scale wars, each leaving its mark on the fortress. Walls scarred by artillery fire and siege weapons tell stories of bravery, resilience, and the indomitable spirit of those who defended them.

Visitors to Kules Fortress are transported to the past as they explore its winding corridors, climb its towering ramparts, and behold the breathtaking views it offers. The fortress evokes a sense of awe and wonder, serving as a reminder of the strength of spirit and resolve of those who called it home.

The top 3 historical locations are located in the capital of Crete, Heraklion. In between visits to these places, explore the local churches and enjoy the ancient architecture of the Venetian-era city center. By rent a car in Heraklion, you can visit all the city’s gems at your own pace.

4. The Palace of Phaistos

The ruins of Festos Palace are one of the most significant Minoan archaeological sites on the island, providing valuable information about the Minoan civilization that thrived in the Bronze Age. The palace was built around 2000 BCE and served as a political, administrative, and religious center of the region. The palace complex was constructed on top of a hill, offering a strategic view of the surrounding landscape. It was a grand structure consisting of multiple courtyards, rooms, storerooms, and a central courtyard known as the “Theatral Area.”

The architecture of Festos Palace combines Minoan and Mycenaean influences. The palace extensively used ashlar masonry with skillfully joined large limestone blocks. The walls were adorned with colorful frescoes, although most of them are now preserved in the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion.

Festos Palace is particularly famous for the discovery of the Festos Disc, a round clay disk with hieroglyphic symbols that has not been fully deciphered. The disc is considered one of the most important archaeological findings of the Minoan civilization.

In addition to the palace itself, the surroundings of Festos are rich in archaeological finds. In this area, there are a village, cemeteries, and various other structures that provide valuable information about the daily life and activities of the Minoans.

5. Malia Minoan Palace

The ancient Minoan palace located in the city of Malia was one of the major centers of the Minoan civilization that flourished on the island of Crete during the Bronze Age.

Excavations at the Malia Palace began in 1915 by French archaeologist Fernand Chapouthier and have been ongoing with intervals since then. The palace complex is extensive, covering an area of about 7,500 square meters. It consists of interconnected buildings, courtyards, and various rooms.

The architectural style and layout of the Malia Palace are similar to other Minoan palaces on the island, such as the famous Knossos Palace. The palace had multiple levels, with the upper floors likely used for administrative and ceremonial purposes, while the lower levels contained storage rooms and workshops.

The excavations have revealed important artifacts and frescoes that provide insight into the Minoan civilization. Some notable findings include the famous “Bull Leaping” fresco depicting acrobats leaping over the back of a bull, as well as various pottery, jewelry, and tools.

Visitors can explore the site and see the excavated remains of the palace complex, including reconstructed sections and parts of the original walls.

6. Archaeological Site of Aptera

Located near Chania, Aptera was an influential city-state that thrived from the 8th century BCE to the Byzantine period. The site offers a glimpse into the city’s past through its well-preserved ruins, including a Roman theater, cisterns, Roman baths, and the impressive Fortezza fortress. Visitors can also enjoy panoramic views of Souda Bay and the surrounding area.

Aptera is believed to have been founded by the Minoans in the 14th century BCE and later became an important city-state in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Exploring the archaeological excavations of Aptera, visitors can discover the remains of various buildings and monuments that once stood within the city’s boundaries. The most notable features include the impressive Roman cisterns, Roman baths, and a large theater.

Aptera also had a significant religious and cultural life. The site is home to numerous Byzantine and Venetian-era churches, including the Monastery of St. John the Theologian, which dates back to the 12th century and contains well-preserved frescoes. There is also a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Demeter and a Roman-era agora, or marketplace.

7. Island Spinaloga

Located on a small island off the coast of Elounda, Spinalonga is known for its fascinating history as a Venetian fortress and later as a leper colony. Well-preserved walls, fortified buildings, and narrow streets in Spinalonga provide insight into its strategic significance and the lives of its inhabitants. Visitors can explore the remnants of Venetian fortifications, houses, and the enigmatic Spinalonga Cemetery. The island can be reached by boat from Elounda or Agios Nikolaos.

Originally, Spinalonga was part of the island of Crete, but during Venetian rule, a fortress was built on the island to strengthen the region and protect it from potential invasions. The fortress was constructed in the 16th century and played a crucial role in the defense of the area.

In the following years, when the Ottoman Empire controlled Crete, Spinalonga served as a refuge for Christians fleeing from the mainland. The island’s strategic location and its fortifications made it a natural stronghold. Ultimately, in 1903, Spinalonga transformed into a leper colony, housing individuals affected by leprosy.

The leper colony on Spinalonga operated until 1957 when a cure for leprosy was discovered, and the last patients were relocated. Today, Spinalonga Island serves as an open-air museum and a popular tourist destination. Visitors can explore the well-preserved ruins of the Venetian fortress and the remains of the leper colony, including houses, churches, and other structures.

8. Arkadi Monastery

The Arkadi Monastery, located in the Rethymno region, is not only a religious site but also a symbol of Cretan resistance. In 1866, during the Cretan uprising against Ottoman rule, the monastery became a refuge for hundreds of Cretan revolutionaries and civilians. When the Ottomans attacked and the defenders of Arkadi refused to surrender, they ignited barrels of gunpowder, sacrificing themselves and leaving an indelible legacy of bravery. The monastery complex features a beautiful church, a museum with religious artifacts, and peaceful courtyards.

9. Frangokastello

Frangokastello, situated on the southern coast of Crete, is a Venetian castle with a captivating history. Built in the 14th century, the castle served as a strategic fortress against invaders. Its imposing walls, towers, and battlements evoke a sense of medieval grandeur.

The name “Frangokastello” translates to “Frankish Castle,” reflecting the castle’s clashes with foreign armies throughout its history. The castle’s location offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape.

10. Ancient Eleftherna in Rethymno

The archaeological excavations of Eleftherna showcase the remains of an ancient city that flourished from the Geometric period (9th century BCE) to the Byzantine era. Notable finds from Eleftherna include beautiful ceramics, jewelry, and statues, revealing layers of history, including remnants of Geometric city walls, Hellenistic and Roman buildings, Early Christian basilicas, and Byzantine fortifications. The Eleftherna Archaeological Museum, located nearby, exhibits these artifacts and provides detailed information about the city’s past.

These TOP 10 historical sites in Crete offer a fascinating journey, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the island’s diverse and vibrant history. From the grandeur of ancient palaces to the courage of resistance movements and architectural wonders from different eras, each site unveils a unique aspect of Crete’s past. Whether you’re interested in ancient civilizations, medieval fortifications, or natural wonders, these historical sites in Crete are sure to leave a lasting.