Barry PhilipsThe Czech Republic, officially known as Czech Republic, is one of Central Europe’s most fascinating countries, known for its rich history, medieval architecture, vibrant culture, and rapidly developing urban centers. While many travelers immediately think of Prague, the country is home to many other large and influential cities that contribute significantly to its economy, education, tourism, and industrial growth.
From historical capitals to industrial hubs and university towns, the biggest cities in the Czech Republic each have their own unique charm and importance. Whether you’re planning to relocate, study, invest, or simply explore, understanding these major cities can help you make better decisions.
In this guide, we explore the top 20 biggest cities in the Czech Republic by population, highlighting what makes each city stand out.
Top 20 Biggest Cities In Czech Republic
1. Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, with a population exceeding 1.3 million people. Often called “The City of a Hundred Spires,” Prague is famous for its stunning Gothic, Baroque, and Romanesque architecture. It serves as the political, economic, and cultural heart of the nation.
Landmarks such as Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, and the Old Town Square attract millions of tourists annually. The city is also a major center for education, finance, and technology. Many multinational companies operate their Central European headquarters here.
Prague’s public transport system is among the best in Europe, making life convenient for residents and visitors alike.
2. Brno
Brno is the second-largest city in the Czech Republic and the capital of the South Moravian Region. With a population of over 380,000 people, it is a major educational and innovation center.
Home to several prestigious universities, including Masaryk University, Brno attracts students from around the world. It is also known for trade fairs, research institutions, and a growing startup ecosystem.
Historical attractions like Špilberk Castle and the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul make Brno a tourist destination as well.
3. Ostrava
Ostrava is the third-largest city and a major industrial powerhouse. Located near the Polish border, it has historically been known for coal mining and steel production.
Today, Ostrava is transforming into a modern cultural and educational city. It hosts the famous Colours of Ostrava music festival, which attracts international visitors every year.
Its industrial heritage, combined with modern development, makes Ostrava one of the most dynamic cities in the country.
4. Plzeň
Plzeň, known internationally as Pilsen, is famous as the birthplace of Pilsner beer. It is the fourth-largest city and a major industrial and brewing center.
The city is home to Pilsner Urquell, one of the world’s most famous breweries. Plzeň also has strong engineering and manufacturing industries.
Its beautiful historic center and vibrant student population make it both economically important and culturally lively.
5. Liberec
Liberec is a northern city known for its mountain scenery and textile industry history. It is close to the Jizera Mountains, making it a popular destination for winter sports and tourism.
The iconic Ještěd Tower is one of the city’s major landmarks. Liberec combines natural beauty with urban development, attracting both residents and visitors.
6. Olomouc
Olomouc is one of the oldest cities in the Czech Republic and a major historical and university center. It is known for its beautiful squares, fountains, and baroque monuments.
Palacký University Olomouc plays a major role in the city’s youthful and intellectual atmosphere. Its UNESCO-listed Holy Trinity Column is a key attraction.
7. České Budějovice
This South Bohemian city is famous for brewing and historical architecture. It is closely associated with Budweiser beer and serves as an important regional administrative center.
Its large town square is among the biggest in Europe, adding to its architectural appeal.
8. Hradec Králové
Hradec Králové is known for healthcare, education, and modern urban planning. It is often considered one of the most pleasant cities to live in due to its green spaces and high quality of life.
The city is also a significant regional economic center.
9. Ústí nad Labem
Located along the Elbe River, Ústí nad Labem is an industrial city with a strong chemical and manufacturing base.
Its location near Germany makes it important for trade and logistics. The city also offers impressive river valley landscapes.
10. Pardubice
Pardubice is known for its chemical industry, horse racing traditions, and aviation history. It hosts the famous Velká Pardubická steeplechase, one of Europe’s oldest horse races.
It is also a strong transportation and industrial hub.
11. Zlín
Zlín is closely associated with the famous Bata shoe empire. Its unique functionalist architecture makes it stand out among Czech cities.
Today, it remains a strong business and educational center.
12. Havířov
Havířov is one of the youngest cities in the country and was originally developed as a mining town. It has grown into a significant residential and industrial city.
Its planned socialist-era architecture gives it a unique urban identity.
13. Kladno
Located near Prague, Kladno has historically been a major steel-producing city. Its proximity to the capital makes it attractive for commuters and business expansion.
It is increasingly becoming a suburban economic extension of Prague.
14. Most
Most is known for coal mining and industrial development. Although it has faced environmental challenges, urban regeneration projects have improved the city significantly.
It remains an important industrial center.
15. Opava
Opava is a historical city near the Polish border. It serves as a cultural and administrative center for the region.
Its elegant architecture and strong educational institutions contribute to its regional importance.
16. Frýdek-Místek
This twin city has strong industrial roots and is known for engineering and manufacturing. Its scenic surroundings also make it attractive for nature lovers.
It balances industrial strength with tourism appeal.
17. Jihlava
Jihlava is located between Prague and Brno and has historical significance dating back to medieval silver mining.
Today, it is a regional center for administration, education, and manufacturing.
18. Teplice
Teplice is famous for its spa tradition and wellness tourism. It has long attracted visitors seeking therapeutic treatments.
Its combination of healthcare and tourism gives it a special place among Czech cities.
19. Děčín
Děčín is strategically located near the German border and serves as an important transport and logistics center.
Its beautiful sandstone landscapes and castle views also boost tourism.
20. Karlovy Vary
Karlovy Vary is internationally famous for its luxury spa resorts and annual film festival.
The Karlovy Vary International Film Festival attracts celebrities and filmmakers from around the world. It is one of the country’s most prestigious tourist destinations.
Comparison Table of the Biggest Cities in the Czech Republic
| Rank | City | Estimated Population | Known For |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Prague | 1,300,000+ | Capital, tourism, finance |
| 2 | Brno | 380,000+ | Universities, innovation |
| 3 | Ostrava | 280,000+ | Industry, music festival |
| 4 | Plzeň | 180,000+ | Beer, manufacturing |
| 5 | Liberec | 100,000+ | Mountains, tourism |
| 6 | Olomouc | 100,000+ | History, university |
| 7 | České Budějovice | 95,000+ | Brewing, architecture |
| 8 | Hradec Králové | 92,000+ | Healthcare, urban planning |
| 9 | Ústí nad Labem | 91,000+ | Industry, trade |
| 10 | Pardubice | 90,000+ | Chemicals, horse racing |
| 11 | Zlín | 75,000+ | Bata legacy |
| 12 | Havířov | 72,000+ | Mining, residential growth |
| 13 | Kladno | 69,000+ | Steel, proximity to Prague |
| 14 | Most | 65,000+ | Coal mining |
| 15 | Opava | 56,000+ | Culture, administration |
| 16 | Frýdek-Místek | 55,000+ | Engineering |
| 17 | Jihlava | 51,000+ | Silver mining history |
| 18 | Teplice | 50,000+ | Spa tourism |
| 19 | Děčín | 49,000+ | Logistics, tourism |
| 20 | Karlovy Vary | 48,000+ | Spa resorts, film festival |
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Conclusion
The biggest cities in the Czech Republic reflect the country’s diversity in history, economy, and lifestyle. While Prague dominates as the capital and global tourist magnet, cities like Brno, Ostrava, and Plzeň also play major national roles.
From industrial powerhouses to spa destinations and university cities, each urban center contributes uniquely to the Czech Republic’s national identity. Whether for tourism, business, education, or relocation, these top 20 biggest cities offer countless opportunities worth exploring.