Olawale S.Texas is a state of extremes—sprawling plains, dense forests, coastal beaches, and towering peaks. But among its most captivating and least understood regions is the far western corner known as the Mountains and Basins. This area, often overshadowed by the bustling cities of Dallas, Houston, and Austin, is a rugged, remote, and breathtakingly beautiful part of the Lone Star State. In 2025, it remains a haven for adventurers, stargazers, historians, and anyone curious about the wild heart of Texas.
In this guide, we’ll uncover the most fascinating fun facts about the Mountains and Basins region, from its towering peaks and desert landscapes to its mysterious lights and cultural quirks. Whether you’re planning a trip or just love learning about geography, this article will take you deep into one of Texas’s most extraordinary territories.
Exploring the Mountains and Basins Region of Texas: 2025 Guide with Fun Facts and Hidden Wonders
Where Is the Mountains and Basins Region?
The Mountains and Basins region is located in far West Texas, bordering New Mexico and Mexico. It includes counties such as El Paso, Hudspeth, Jeff Davis, Presidio, Brewster, and Culberson. This region is defined by its rugged terrain, high elevation, and desert climate, making it the most geographically distinct area in the state.
1. Texas’s Highest Point Is Here
The Guadalupe Mountains are home to Guadalupe Peak, which rises to 8,751 feet, making it the highest point in Texas. Hikers from around the world come to conquer this peak, which offers panoramic views of the desert below and the surrounding mountain ranges.
Bonus Fact:
- The nearby El Capitan peak, though slightly shorter, is more visually dramatic and often mistaken for the highest point.
2. It’s the Only Desert in Texas
The Mountains and Basins region is part of the Chihuahuan Desert, which stretches across parts of Mexico and the southwestern United States. This makes it the only true desert in Texas, characterized by low rainfall, high temperatures, and unique desert flora and fauna.
Notable Desert Plants:
- Ocotillo (spiny, red-flowered stalks)
- Agave (used to make tequila)
- Creosote bush (smells like rain when wet)
3. Big Bend National Park Is a Biodiversity Hotspot
Big Bend National Park, located in Brewster County, spans over 800,000 acres and includes mountains, desert, and river ecosystems. Despite its arid climate, it’s one of the most biodiverse areas in the United States, with over 1,200 plant species, 450 bird species, and 75 species of mammals.
Must-See Features:
- Chisos Mountains: The only mountain range entirely contained within a U.S. national park
- Santa Elena Canyon: Towering limestone cliffs carved by the Rio Grande
- Boquillas Hot Springs: Natural thermal pools along the river
4. Rare Wildlife Roams Freely
The region’s isolation and varied terrain make it a sanctuary for rare and elusive wildlife. Visitors might spot:
- Black bears (reintroduced to Big Bend)
- Mountain lions (often heard but rarely seen)
- Javelinas (wild pig-like creatures)
- Montezuma quail (a rare bird found in the Davis Mountains)
Birdwatcher’s Paradise:
Big Bend is part of the Central Flyway, making it a prime location for spotting migratory birds.
5. It’s One of the Best Stargazing Spots in the World
Thanks to its low humidity, high elevation, and minimal light pollution, the Mountains and Basins region offers some of the clearest night skies in North America.
McDonald Observatory:
Located in the Davis Mountains, this world-class facility hosts public star parties, telescope tours, and educational programs. In 2025, it continues to be a hub for astronomical research and tourism.
6. Fort Davis Is a Window into Frontier History
Fort Davis National Historic Site preserves one of the best examples of a frontier military post in the American Southwest. Active from 1854 to 1891, it played a key role in protecting settlers and mail routes from Apache raids.
What You’ll See:
- Restored barracks and officer quarters
- Living history demonstrations
- Scenic trails with views of the fort and surrounding mountains
7. The Marfa Lights Remain a Mystery
Near the town of Marfa, strange glowing orbs appear in the desert sky—sometimes red, sometimes white, sometimes moving erratically. Known as the Marfa Lights, these phenomena have been reported since the 1800s.
Theories:
- Atmospheric reflections
- Car headlights (debunked by some researchers)
- Paranormal activity (if you’re into that)
Whatever the cause, the lights continue to attract curious visitors and scientists alike.
8. There’s a Prada Store in the Middle of the Desert
Well, sort of. The Prada Marfa installation is a permanent art piece located just outside the town of Valentine. It’s a replica of a Prada storefront, complete with real shoes and handbags—but it’s not a functioning store.
Why It’s Famous:
- Instagram-worthy photo spot
- Commentary on consumerism and isolation
- Unexpected art in an unexpected place
9. The Rio Grande Shapes the Region
The Rio Grande River forms the southern boundary of the Mountains and Basins region and serves as a vital water source for agriculture, wildlife, and recreation.
Activities:
- River rafting through canyons like Santa Elena and Boquillas
- Birdwatching along riparian zones
- Cross-border cultural exchanges in towns like Presidio and Boquillas del Carmen
10. Pecans Grow in the Desert
Despite the arid climate, pecan farming thrives in the fertile valleys along the Rio Grande. Irrigation systems and nutrient-rich soil allow farmers to produce high-quality pecans—a surprising crop in such a dry environment.
11. It Covers 17% of Texas but Has the Fewest People
The Mountains and Basins region accounts for roughly 17% of Texas’s land area, yet it’s the least populated region in the state. Towns are few and far between, and many areas are completely uninhabited.
Largest City:
- El Paso, with over 700,000 residents, is the region’s urban anchor and cultural hub.
12. The Geology Tells an Ancient Story
The region’s dramatic landscape is shaped by millions of years of volcanic activity, erosion, and tectonic shifts. You’ll find:
- Lava flows and volcanic rock formations in the Davis Mountains
- Fossilized marine life from when the area was underwater
- Canyons and cliffs carved by wind and water
Geologists consider the area a living textbook of Earth’s history.
13. It’s a Classroom for Scientists and Students
From geology and astronomy to ecology and anthropology, the Mountains and Basins region is a hotspot for academic research. Universities and field schools regularly conduct studies in:
- Desert ecosystems
- Native plant adaptation
- Cultural archaeology
In 2025, the region continues to attract scholars from around the world.
Planning a Visit? Here’s What You Need to Know
Best Time to Go:
- Fall and spring offer mild temperatures and clear skies.
- Summer can be brutally hot—plan early morning hikes and indoor activities.
What to Pack:
- Sunscreen and wide-brimmed hats
- Refillable water bottles
- Hiking boots and breathable clothing
- Binoculars for wildlife and stargazing
Where to Stay:
- Terlingua: Quirky ghost town with desert charm
- Fort Davis: Historic lodging and proximity to McDonald Observatory
- Marfa: Artsy vibe with boutique hotels and galleries
Final Thoughts
The Mountains and Basins region of Texas is a land of extremes—towering peaks and deep canyons, scorching deserts and star-filled skies, ancient history and modern art. It’s a place where nature, science, and culture collide in the most unexpected ways.
Whether you’re hiking to the top of Guadalupe Peak, watching the Marfa Lights dance across the horizon, or soaking in the silence of Big Bend, this region offers experiences that are as vast and unforgettable as the landscape itself.
So if you’re craving adventure, mystery, and a deeper connection to the wild heart of Texas, the Mountains and Basins region is calling. And in 2025, it’s more ready than ever to be explored.